乳酸菌对水产养殖动物抗氧化应激与免疫力影响研究进展

简述了在水产养殖动物中使用乳酸菌所具有的抗氧化应激与免疫力影响的研究现状和作用机理,并描述了其应用前景,以期为乳酸菌制剂在水产动物上的应用提供参考。     

黄瓜根部施用化学物质对其霜霉病诱导抗性的研究

分别用几种化学物质从黄瓜幼苗子叶期开始进行根部诱导，结果表明，在自然病原激发病害试验和在人工接种病原激发病害试验中，经苯酚、脲素、无水对氨基苯磺酸和氯化钾诱导的黄瓜植株病株率和病叶率下降显著。对可产生诱导免疫效果的化学物质分析发现，氨类和苯类物质及钾的氯化物与黄瓜叶片对霜霉病的抗性有极为密切的关系。     

Regrowth forests on abandoned agricultural land: A review of their habitat values for recovering forest fauna

Human land use has modified the structure and function of terrestrial landscapes throughout much of the world, with cropping and livestock grazing the major drivers of landscape change. In many tropical, sub-tropical, temperate and Mediterranean regions, regrowth forests regenerate naturally on abandoned agricultural land if human disturbance declines. With the exception of some tropical forest literature, the broader ecological and conservation literature has largely ignored the potential of regrowth forests to facilitate passive landscape restoration and the recovery of fauna communities in fragmented agricultural landscapes. This paper addresses this deficiency by reviewing the available global evidence of fauna recovery in regrowth forest from 68 papers, identifying the main gaps in current knowledge, and providing directions for further research. The majority of reviewed studies focus on regrowth in tropical regions, which often contain large areas of mature forest. Species’ utilisation of regrowth forest is highly variable and is particularly influenced by land-use history, an important determinant of the structural and compositional characteristics of regrowth forests. While site-scale (<1 ha) forest structure and floristic diversity were frequently studied, only 11 studies considered the spatial configuration and context of habitat patches and just two studies explicitly considered landscape structure. Based on this review, six key research questions are posed to direct future research on this important issue. We conclude that a broader perspective of the role of regrowth forest in the landscape is required if we are to realise the potential benefits of regrowth forest for passive landscape restoration and fauna conservation and recovery.     

L-肉碱在动物生产中的应用

文章综述了L-肉碱的定义、合成与检测方法及其在动物生产中的应用。     

不同结构对囊素样肽的免疫活性影响

化学合成单拷贝（BS）、30拷贝串联（KG30）和30拷贝分支结构（MAP）3种不同结构的囊素样肽，通过体外外周血淋巴细胞刺激增殖试验、杂交瘤细胞抗体分泌刺激试验、E-玫瑰花环试验和体内小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能、新城疫疫苗免疫应答的测定，比较了其免疫增强活性。结果表明，BS和MAP的活性显著高于KG30，BS体外试验活性优于MAP，而MAP体内试验活性优于KS。结构对囊素的活性有显著影响，以分支结构的囊素增强免疫效果最好。     

Prolamin,a rice protein,augments anti-leukaemia immune response

Rice (Oryza sativa), an important cereal as a staple food worldwide, can be used in gluten-free diets. This study aimed to isolate and characterize the active rice proteins and assess the anti-leukaemia response via in vitro and ex vivo experiments. Temperature-stable protein-containing extracts augmented this effect. Proteomic analysis identified various protein spots known with functions involving metabolism-related, transport, storage, antioxidation, development, and disease-resistance proteins. Among these, storage proteins were the most abundant. To avoid masking the other relatively scanty rice storage proteins, albumin, globulin, glutelin and prolamin were separated and quantified. The human peripheral blood mononuclear cells-conditioned medium (PBMC-CM) prepared from prolamin treatment showed an increment in production of tumor necrosis factor-α. Human leukaemia U937 cells cultured in the presence of prolamin-prepared PBMC-CM were inhibited in growth capacity and were triggered differentiation toward monocytes. Neutralization of prolamin by polyclonal antibody attenuated its activity. Rice prolamin, undetectable by wheat gliadin-specific antibody, has greater anti-leukaemia activity than wheat proteins glutenin and gliadin. In conclusion, rice prolamin is effective in activating human anti-leukaemia immunity and may not induce unwanted inflammatory diseases.     

轮式拖拉机电磁兼容性试验研究

针对国产某型轮式拖拉机出口认证检测中电磁窄带发射超标和电磁辐射抗扰度不合格的问题,通过试验研究,找出了导致整机不合格的部件,并对其重新进行了电磁兼容设计;经过试验验证,整改后的拖拉机的电磁窄带发射和抗扰度均符合标准要求。     

猪、犬旋毛虫成虫免疫原性试验

通过提取猪、犬旋毛虫成虫抗原，制备成虫油佐剂免疫原，在小鼠体内进行同源特异性免疫试验和交叉免疫试验。试验得到猪旋毛虫成虫抗原同源免疫减虫率为５５．８０％，其对犬旋毛虫的交叉免疫减虫率是３５．１１％；犬旋毛虫成虫抗原同源免疫的减虫率为３９．００％，其对猪旋毛虫的交叉免疫减虫率是２４．９６％。试验结果揭示，猪、犬旋毛虫成虫具有一定的免疫原性，其交叉免疫减虫率低于同源特异性免疫。猪旋毛虫成虫抗原对犬旋毛虫的交叉免疫与犬旋毛虫自身的同源特异性免疫差异不显著。     

稻瘟菌无毒基因AvrPii编码蛋白分子特性及转基因水稻的构建

为了解稻瘟菌无毒基因AvrPii在水稻病原菌相关分子模式诱导的免疫反应(PTI)抗病分子信号调控中的功能,对AvrPii基因编码蛋白的分子结构特性进行分析,构建了AvrPii基因的植物表达载体幵进行遗传转化。结果表明:AvrPii蛋白由70个氨基酸组成,相对分子质量约为7 500,等电点为6.0,总平均亲水性值为–0.159;AvrPii蛋白包含1个信号肽、1个跨膜结构域和2个基序为LxAR和CxxCxxxxxxxxxxxH的保守结构域;利用农杆菌侵染转化法,获得AvrPii基因全长序列和不含信号肽AvrPiinsp的转基因株系13个,PCR扩增和实时荧光定量PCR鉴定结果表明,AvrPii和AvrPiinsp基因已成功转入受体品种日本晴幵得到稳定表达。     

黄芪多糖对犬血清免疫球蛋白、IFN-γ水平及分泌型IgA表达的影响

旨在研究黄芪多糖对犬血清中免疫球蛋白和γ干扰素水平及分泌型IgA表达的影响。将18只1岁龄健康比格犬随机分为3组,每组6只,分别为对照组、低剂量组(基础日粮+以生药计w=1%的黄芪多糖)和高剂量组(基础日粮+以生药计w=2%的黄芪多糖),试验期14d。在第0、7、14天采集血清,用ELISA法检测血清中免疫球蛋白(IgA、IgG、IgM)及γ干扰素(IFN-γ)水平。第14天时,全部犬解剖,采集十二指肠、空肠中段和回肠,用RT-qPCR法检测IgA mRNA相对表达量,免疫组化法(IHC)检测肠黏膜SIgA蛋白的表达情况。结果显示,与对照组相比,黄芪多糖组犬血清中IgA、IgG、IgM和IFN-γ水平显著升高,犬肠黏膜SIgA蛋白表达量显著升高。表明黄芪多糖能显著提高犬血清中IgA、IgG、IgM和IFN-γ水平,促进犬小肠IgAmRNA和SIgA蛋白表达,提高机体免疫力。